A coronary angiogram is a widely performed and essential diagnostic procedure used to evaluate the condition of your coronary arteries. It provides detailed X-ray images of the blood vessels that supply your heart, helping your cardiologist identify any narrowing, blockages, or abnormalities that may be affecting blood flow.
This test is often recommended if you have symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, or if other tests suggest possible coronary artery disease. It may also be used to evaluate heart valve conditions or guide treatment decisions.
To ensure your safety and the accuracy of the procedure, please follow these preparation steps:
You will usually be awake but sedated, and a local anaesthetic will be used to numb the area—usually the wrist or groin—where a thin catheter is inserted. A contrast dye is then injected through the catheter, and X-ray images are taken to visualise the coronary arteries.
The procedure usually takes around 30–60 minutes, and you will be monitored closely during and after the test.
You may notice mild bruising or tenderness at the catheter insertion site. This is normal and should subside within a few weeks. Most patients can resume light activities within 24 to 48 hours; however, it is important to avoid strenuous activity for several days. Your cardiologist will provide you with specific recovery instructions and will discuss your results before you are discharged.
If you experience severe pain, bleeding, swelling, or signs of infection at the catheter site, seek medical attention immediately. It is common to have a burning sensation of the skin in the inner thigh.
After reviewing your angiogram results, your cardiologist will determine the most appropriate next steps in your treatment plan. This will always include prescribed medications to help manage your coronary artery disease. In many cases, a follow-up procedure called a PCI (percutaneous coronary intervention) may be recommended and often performed in the same setting. This involves inserting a small balloon and stent into the artery to widen and clear any blockages. Occasionally, a calcified artery will need to be prepared aggressively with drills (rotablation) or shockwave lithotripsy prior to insertion of a stent to ensure maximal expansion and hopefully improve durability of the procedure.
If more significant narrowing or blockages are found, your cardiologist may suggest coronary artery bypass grafting. This is a common form of open cardiac surgery and is usually recommended when there are multiple blockages in critical locations especially in diabetic patients.
Your results and treatment plan will always be shared with your General Practitioner and referring doctor to ensure coordinated care.
Being informed and prepared can help reduce the likelihood of complications.
