A coronary angiogram +/- PCI is a procedure used to diagnose and treat narrowed or blocked coronary arteries. If your cardiologist identifies a blockage during the angiogram, they may proceed with angioplasty and/or stenting during the same session to restore blood flow. This is discussed prior to your procedure.
If a narrowing or blockage is detected, your cardiologist may perform angioplasty—a procedure where a small balloon is inflated to compress the plaque against the artery wall. A stent (a tiny metal mesh tube) is usually placed to keep the artery open and maintain normal blood flow.
This treatment is less invasive than open-heart surgery and is often performed during the same session as the angiogram.
You will be awake but sedated during the procedure. A local anaesthetic will be used to numb the area—typically the groin or wrist—where a thin catheter is inserted often under ultrasound guidance. A canula or drip will be placed in your arm to administer medications, including a mild sedative to help you relax.
The catheter is guided into your coronary arteries under X-ray guidance. A contrast dye is injected through the catheter, and X-ray images are taken to visualise the arteries. If a blockage is found, your cardiologist may proceed with angioplasty and stenting.
In some cases, the procedure may be more complex. This can occur if:
In these situations:
To close the artery, a plug or stitch may be used. Your cardiologist will explain this if needed.
After stenting, you will be prescribed medications to prevent clotting. This will be discussed prior to your discharge. It is mandatory to stay on all medication as prescribed. GPs can provide repeat scripts. It is imperative to not run out of blood thinners if have you have had stents inserted.
If you are undergoing this procedure as treatment for a heart attack, outcomes depend on several factors:
Fewer risk factors generally lead to better outcomes. If multiple arteries are affected, further procedures may be required.
In some cases, clot-busting medication may be considered as an alternative. Your cardiologist will discuss the risks and benefits of each option with you.
The risk of complications may be higher during emergency treatment for a heart attack. Your cardiologist will explain this in detail.
All procedures carry some risk. Your cardiologist has carefully considered the benefits and risks in your case. Understanding these risks helps you make an informed decision.
